lanzone



Patented lunev 20,1899.-

lNo. 527,343.

E.: LANZDNE.

KILN.

(Application l'ed June 2, 1898.)

.2v Sheets-Sheet l.

(No Model.)

fr l

ATTORNEY Patented lune 20, l899 EA. L ANzOm-z.

K L N (Appliction filed June'2, 189B.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

INVENTOR WITNESSES YHE nanars mins oo, Pueruumo.. wumuoou. u, cA

Nirn Srnrns EDWARD LANZONE, OF SOUTH RIVER, NEW JERSEY.

KILN.'

SPECIFICATION forming' part of Letters iEatent No. 627,343,`dated June 20, 1899. Application filed fune 2, 1898. Serial No. 632,397. tNo model.)

T0 @ZZ 7,071,077?. t may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD` LANZoNn, a subject of the King of Italy, residing at South River, Middlesex county, New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Kilns, of which the following is a specification. i

This invention relates to improvements in kilns forburning pottery and other wares with either an upward or downward draft; and the i object is to produce a substantially even orl uniform burning of the contents of the kiln throughout all its parts.

Vith the kilns now in use, so far as known, and particularly those where the draft is downward through the wares being burned,` there is great irregularity in the heat at different parts of the kiln, due to the heated gases taking certain defined paths down to the main fine below, thus producing overburned and underburned areas or zones in the wares or materials, and the construction in which the present invention is embodied provides a novel form of bottom and fioor for the kiln, having in view the more equal distribution of the hot gases throughout all parts of the kiln as the said gases pass through the Wares to be burned on their way to the chimney or uptake.

In the accompanying drawings the inventionis shown as embodied in a kiln with a down draft.

Figure l is a horizontal section of therkiln, showing the floor-fines as they appear in plan before the floor-bricks are laid. Fig. 2 isa vertical cross-section of the kiln in the plane indicated by line m2 in Figs. 3 and 4:. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken substantially at line m3 in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a-fragmentary plan, on a larger scale than the principal views, of a part of the bottom of the kiln at the center, showing only a part of the floorbricks in place. Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view cna larger scale, showing the central portion of the bottom, seen also in Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the floorbrick 6 on a relatively large scale.

In a general way the body of the kiln is of an ordinary or known construction. It is circular in plan, hasa concave ceiling, and is ber of the kiln.

` eral views.

provided with a plurality of equally-spaced furnaces E, formed in its outer wall WV. The

hot gases from the several furnaces enter an annular flue n in common with all the furnaces, rise in said fiue, and pass over the top of an inner circular wall tu into the cham- On starting the tires the hot gases and smoke are or may be permitted to pass off through outlets o in the roof of the kiln, these outlets being afterward covered or closed, so that the gases must then pass down through apertures in the floor to a fine or flues below, and thence to the chimney.

` The above Afeatures are not new in kilns for burning ceramic wares; but the construction of the iioor and bottom of the kiln, in which of the circular floor of the kiln, at which point it connects by a central down flue or passage 2 with a series of iioor-fiues under the noorbricks.

The circular iioor of the furnace is divided into four quadrants, Fig. l, by four radial main Hoor-lines 3, which connect tangentially at the center with the cylindrical fiue 2, and

yin each quadrant are numerous door-fines 4,

which are parallel with each other and with the main tangential floor-flue 3 of that quadrant. Thus the tlues ilead into the main floor-fine 3 of the adjacent quadrant, meeting the latter at right angles, as clearly shown.

The iiues 3 and 4 are formed by and separated by dividing-walls of brick or tiles, and the four radial division-wallsbridge the downflue 2 by cross-arches 5, as shown in the sev- The bottoms of the mainniioorfines 3 are sloped downward toward the central flue 2, as seen at the right in Fig. 2, for the purpose of gradually enlarging the crosssection of the flue toward the gas-delivering IOO point and to afford convenience in cleaning them of dust and ashes, which latter are swept to the main flue l.

The iioor proper of the kiln is formed of apertured bricks 6laid over the Hoor-fines and supportedon the dividing-walls between them, as clearly shown, especially in Figs. 3 and 4. Each of the bricks 6 is of such a length as to extend over the Hoor-flue and to the center line of the wallon which it is supported, and it has a recess formed in its vertical edge which when the bricks are placed together, as seen best in Fig. 4, produces an aperture 7, there being thus an aperture at each licor-brick 6 for the passage of the hot gases down to the tlues.

Obviously the floor-bricks may be renewed at any time wholly or in part, and access to the oor-flues at any point may be had by removing the floor-bricks at that point.

The construction described will cause the uniform heating of the kiln, as each quadrant will be heated equally and every part of each quadrant will also be heated with substantial uniformity, as there are practically no short and long roads for the gases to traverse, entering, as they do, from the periphery and passing off at the center.

Owing to the smallness'of the scale of Fig. 3, the recesses 7 have not been represented therein; but they are clearly shown in Fig. 4

' and the brick 6 on a large scale in Fig. 6.

The gases arising from the furnaces F through the annular flue c will be composed in some degree of carbonic oXid, carrying free carbon in the form of smoke, and in order to attain more perfect combustion air-tlues dare or may be formed in the side walls W, one above each furnace F by preference, to admit air to the flue c to combine with the carbonio oxid and carbon, and to heat the air so admitted, and thus adapt it for combination without chilling the gases, the iiue ct has irnparted to it a loop-like or inverted-U form, as clearly shown. The Wall W will be more or less heated, especially at its inner surface, and the flue a is made to extend in, then upwardly, then in again to near the inner surface of the wall XV, then downwardly, and then into the flue c. Being directly over the crown of the furnace, theheat therefrom will also be utilized in heating lthe air as it flows through the flue ct.'

The radial ues 3'are herein shown as dividing the bottom of the kiln into quadrants or quarters; but the invention is not limited to this number of radial flues and sections. There should be not less than three sections, however, and it is not advisable to have more than six.

In Figs. l and 3, E represents the usual entrance tothe kiln.

The bricks or tiles 6 may of course have apertures in them; but it is more convenient to form the apertures in the floor by the recesses 7 in the bricks.

'Where the ioor-bri'cks 6 bridge over the main floor-fines 3, they will be supported at one end on a row of supportingbricks or tiles 8. (Best seen in Figs. 4 and 5.) The walls between the flu'es 4 are recessed at their ends to receive the bricks 8 and bring their top surfaces down flush. These recesses are indicated in the plan, Fig. 4, which represents the central part of the kiln-floor denuded of door-bricks.

It will readily be seen that my construction has these characteristics: The .hot gases descending from the top of the kiln through the wares pass down through the floor-apertures at all points to the lilies below. The conditions in all the quadrants or sectors of the iioor are exactly alike-that is, the conditions.

of draft and temperature at any point in one quadrant will be exactly repeated in every other quadrant. In each quadrant it will be noted that as the distance increases from the central down-tine 2 along a radial iiue 3 to the point where a flue 4 enters it the said flue 4 will be correspondingly shorter to compensate, thereby equalizing to a good degree the travel of the gases.

I-laving thus described my invention, I claim l. A circulardowndraft-kiln having a plurality of furnaces about it connected each with an inner, upright flue for the gases, a main outlet-flue l, a central down-flue 2, leadinginto the i'luel, principal radial iioor-iiues 3, ,connecting tangentially with the down-fl ue 2, and dividing the floor of the kiln into equal sections, the tlues 4, in each floor-section, parallel with each other and with one of the i'lues 3 and communicating with the next adjacent iiue 3, and the apertured iioor of the kilnover said flues, substantially as set forth.A

2. A circular downdraft-kiln having a plurality of furnaces about it, an annular inner flue o for said furnaces, an apertured floor, radial main lues under the floor connecting tangentally With a central, cylindrical downflue, said radial tlues dividing the floor into quadrants, the shallower, parallel tlues 4 in `each quadrant, as shown, the main due l,

and the said down-flue at the center of the kiln connecting with the main flue below, substantially as set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name, this 30th day of April, 1898, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EDWARD LANZONE.

Witnesses:

WALTER SIMMONS, WILLIAM MORGAN.

IOO 

